16Jan

HR in 2026: What Small Business Owners Can’t Afford to Ignore

Every year, there are predictions about the future of work. Most are written for large companies with deep HR teams, legal departments, and the luxury of experimenting before acting. That’s not how small businesses operate.

In smaller organizations, human resources often functions quietly in the background, handling essential transactions that can easily go unnoticed.  It’s handled by the owner, an office manager, or someone in operations who already has a full plate. It works until it doesn’t. And when it doesn’t, the consequences are usually fast, expensive, and disruptive.

As 2026 unfolds, HR is becoming less about policies and paperwork and more about risk, clarity, and decision making. The businesses that navigate this well won’t be the ones chasing every new idea. They’ll be the ones paying attention to what’s already changing around them.

AI Is No Longer Experimental, But It’s Also Not Plug and Play

Over the past year, many small businesses quietly started using AI tools. Writing job descriptions, drafting employee communications, screening resumes. Often without much discussion or oversight. In 2026, that informal approach becomes risky.

AI is now embedded in payroll systems, recruiting platforms, performance tools, and scheduling software. That can be incredibly helpful. It can also create exposure if no one is paying attention to how decisions are being made or documented.

I’ve already seen situations where an owner relied on automated resume screening without realizing certain candidates were being filtered out for reasons that would be hard to defend if questioned. No bad intent, just blind trust in the tool.

In 2026, AI use shifts from novelty to governance. Small business owners don’t need to become technical experts, but they do need to understand that AI doesn’t remove responsibility. It changes how responsibility shows up. Someone still has to own the decision.

The Talent Market Isn’t Broken, It’s Mismatched

Hiring continues to be one of the biggest frustrations I hear from owners. “We’re hiring, but the candidates just aren’t there.” In reality, they’re there, just not always in the form businesses are used to.

Skills based hiring is gaining traction for a reason. Degrees and years of experience don’t always predict performance anymore. I’ve seen small businesses struggle to fill roles while overlooking strong candidates because their resume didn’t look traditional enough.

At the same time, retention has become more subtle. People aren’t always leaving loudly. They disengage first. They stop raising their hand. They do the job, but nothing more. Often, it’s because they don’t see what’s next.

In 2026, growth conversations matter more than ever. Not formal career ladders, but honest discussions about expectations, development, and how someone can grow with the business. Small businesses that do this well retain talent longer, even when they can’t outpay larger competitors.

Employee Experience Has Become a Business Issue, Not an HR One

Employee experience can sound like corporate jargon, but in small businesses it’s very real. It shows up when policies are applied inconsistently, when feedback only happens after something goes wrong, or when expectations live in someone’s head instead of being clearly communicated.

I’ve worked with owners who were shocked when a long-tenured employee resigned, convinced everything was fine. From the employee’s perspective, nothing had been addressed for years.

In 2026, employees are less tolerant of ambiguity. They don’t expect perfection, but they do expect fairness and clarity. When those are missing, trust erodes quickly, and in a small team, the impact is immediate.

Compliance Is Becoming More Fragmented and Less Forgiving

Compliance remains the area that keeps owners up at night, and for good reason. Wage and hour issues, employee classification, leave laws, and pay transparency requirements continue to evolve, often at the state and local level.

What’s changed is how often small businesses get caught by issues they didn’t know they had. An outdated handbook, a role that slowly drifted from hourly to salaried without being reevaluated, a policy applied differently to different employees.

These aren’t bad actors. They’re busy owners making reasonable decisions without a full picture of the risk.

In 2026, compliance isn’t about memorizing laws. It’s about having someone regularly looking across payroll, policies, job duties, and manager behavior to catch issues before they become problems.

Technology Helps, But Only When It’s Aligned With Strategy

HR technology continues to improve, and for small businesses that’s a good thing. Systems are more accessible and better integrated than they were even a few years ago.

The mistake I see is assuming software solves HR problems on its own. Technology can automate tasks, but it can’t decide how policies should be applied or how managers should handle difficult conversations.

The most effective small businesses use technology to reduce friction, not replace judgment. They choose tools intentionally and make sure someone understands how all the pieces connect.

Why Fractional HR Leadership Makes Sense in 2026

Most small businesses don’t need a full-time HR executive. They do need experienced HR leadership.

That’s why fractional HR has become such a practical middle ground. A fractional HR leader is embedded in the business, understands how decisions are made, and helps owners think through people issues before they become expensive or disruptive.

It’s not about adding bureaucracy. It’s about having a partner who understands compliance, risk, and people, and can translate all of that into practical guidance that fits how the business actually operates.

As the trends shaping 2026 make clear, HR is no longer just administrative. It’s part of how a business protects itself, retains good people, and grows sustainably.

The businesses that treat HR this way won’t necessarily be the biggest. They’ll be the most intentional.

02Dec

When AI Isn’t Enough: A Story Every Small Business Owner Should Hear

A few weeks ago, a small business owner I know, we’ll call him Mark, sent me a message that sounded equally proud and relieved.

“Paul, I finally did it. I asked ChatGPT to rewrite my entire employee handbook. Saved myself so much time!”

I winced, not because he used AI, something I use every day, but because I’ve seen this exact scenario play out multiple times in the last year.

About an hour later, he forwarded the handbook to me “just for a quick glance.” And at first glance? It looked great. Clean layout, clear language, nicely structured, like something a corporate HR department might produce.

But once I looked deeper, the cracks appeared: wrong state laws, unusable policies, borrowed standards from unrelated industries, and liabilities he never intended to create.

AI can give you beautiful words. But HR is about what those words mean.

The Confident Voice of AI (Even When It’s Wrong)

AI writes confidently, even when it’s wrong. It can produce polished content that feels authoritative while missing nuance or accuracy.

AI doesn’t automatically understand your state laws, your headcount, your industry, or how your business actually works. Small business owners often don’t know what details matter most, which leads to gaps AI can’t fill on its own.

The Hidden Problem: You Need HR Knowledge to Prompt AI Correctly

To get AI to produce accurate HR content, you need enough HR experience to know what to ask it. Without that foundation, AI fills in the blanks with assumptions.

If you don’t specify you’re in Missouri, it might default to California law. If you don’t mention you have fewer than 50 employees, it might assume FMLA applies. That’s how compliance errors are born.

Where HR Still Needs to Be Human

Even the most advanced AI cannot read your culture, navigate emotions, or coach your managers through sensitive moments.

It can draft a policy, but it cannot determine whether using it will escalate or resolve a situation.

A Real Story of Structure Without Understanding

Another owner used AI to generate a disciplinary system, which resulted in a rigid, corporate-style four-step model. His business had twenty employees.

An employee exploited the policy, productivity suffered, and the owner lost time he couldn’t afford, all because the structure didn’t fit the business.

Where AI Shines—and Where It Doesn’t

AI is great for generating drafts, ideas, and templates, but it cannot interpret laws, assess risk, understand behavior, or make judgment calls.

HR expertise is what turns a draft into something safe, practical, and aligned with your team.

Back to Mark—and the Line That Says It All

After rewriting his AI-generated handbook together, he said something that stuck with me:

“AI got me maybe 40% of the way there. You helped me fix the rest and kept me out of trouble.”

That’s the real partnership: AI accelerates the work, but experience ensures it’s right.

The Real Lesson for Small Business Owners

AI isn’t the enemy, it’s a powerful tool. But it’s not a replacement for HR judgment.

Using AI for HR without human interpretation is like following a GPS without noticing the road is closed ahead.

So use AI. Leverage it. Benefit from it. Just don’t skip the human part.

And if you’ve used AI to create handbooks, job descriptions, or policies, I’m always here to review them. That’s what I do every day at YourHR.

15Nov

Forecasting 2026: Wage Increase Trends and What Businesses Need to Know

As business owners look ahead to 2026, one question keeps coming up in boardrooms, planning meetings, and year-end budget sessions: How much will we need to increase wages next year?

It’s a fair question and a more complicated one than it used to be. For decades, companies could safely assume 2.5–3% annual wage growth and build compensation plans around predictable cost-of-labor trends. That world is gone. In its place is a more volatile reality shaped by labor shortages, shifting worker expectations, pay transparency laws, changing minimum wages, and a nationwide reset on what competitive pay truly looks like.

Early indicators suggest that wage pressure is stabilizing but stabilizing does not mean shrinking.

According to Willis Towers Watson, employers are planning average salary increases of 3.3% to 3.6% for 2026. The Conference Board expects merit increases to hold around 3.0% to 3.2%, while Salary.com anticipates total compensation spending including pay adjustments, merit, and promotions will reach 4.0% to 4.5%.

These projections are notable not for their size but for their persistence. Even with inflation cooling, salary increases are refusing to return to pre-2020 norms.

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce continues to identify a structural labor shortage, noting 8.8 million open jobs and only 6.4 million unemployed workers. Even if every unemployed American took a job tomorrow, millions of roles would remain unfilled. Employers cannot afford to fall behind on pay in a talent market this tight.

Employee expectations have shifted as well. Indeed’s Work Wellbeing Report found that 69% of employees now expect an annual increase regardless of whether company performance soared or struggled. And pay transparency laws continue to expand, giving employees unprecedented insight into what the market says they should be earning.

Minimum Wage Increases Add More Pressure, Especially for Small Businesses

Another factor shaping the 2026 compensation landscape is the continued rise of minimum wage laws. Across the country, states and municipalities are pushing wages higher, and for many small businesses, this creates a ripple effect far beyond the entry-level roles these laws typically target.

Missouri is a prime example: the state’s minimum wage increases to $15.00 per hour on January 1st, completing the voter-approved step-up that began several years ago. While some employers have already adjusted in anticipation, others are now facing the reality that their lowest-paid employees will receive the largest mandated increase since the sequence began.

But the impact doesn’t stop at minimum-wage positions. When the floor rises, compression issues almost always follow. A new employee starting at $15.00 can suddenly be within cents or equal to someone who has been with the company for three or four years. Without intentional adjustments, experienced employees may feel overlooked or undervalued, even if the business didn’t intend to send that message.

For small and mid-sized employers, especially those in caregiving, hospitality, retail, food services, and light-industrial work, this means one thing: you cannot only adjust the bottom rung. You have to look at the entire pay ladder. If the lowest-paid roles move to $15.00, the next tier up might need to move to $16.00–$17.00 to maintain differentiation. Supervisors, shift leads, and long-tenured employees may require market adjustments to preserve fairness and morale.

While minimum wage increases can feel like an operational challenge, they can also be an opportunity. Many small businesses use these mandated increases as a natural time to restructure pay scales, clarify their compensation philosophy, clean up inconsistencies, and position themselves as a more competitive employer especially in industries battling chronic turnover. What’s most important is to plan early, communicate clearly, and avoid letting mandated increases catch the organization off guard.

One of the biggest challenges heading into 2026 is the widening gap between companies that kept up with market adjustments during 2022–2023 and those that did not. Many small and mid-sized businesses chose to limit increases or delay adjustments during the inflation spike. Those decisions are catching up. Single-digit increases won’t close multi-year gaps, especially for frontline roles where competition remains fierce.

As a result, employers are shifting away from across-the-board raises and toward more strategic models. Companies are using market adjustments, skill-based pay, and targeted increases to reward not just performance but retention and internal equity. Compensation is becoming a workforce planning tool—not merely a reward mechanism.

What does this mean for businesses?

Budgeting below 3.5% will likely create retention challenges in 2026. While bonuses and variable pay can play a role, predictable baseline wages still drive stability for most employees.

Annual market reviews are now essential. As transparency increases, employees will benchmark their pay with or without an employer’s input. A proactive review is far less expensive than an unexpected resignation.

Managers must also be trained to communicate pay decisions clearly. Only 32% of employees believe their manager communicates compensation decisions effectively, according to Gallup. Confusion is costly.

And perhaps most importantly, wages are only one part of a broader value proposition. Flexibility, culture, development, and leadership all influence whether employees stay or leave. Employers who rely solely on wage increases risk being outmaneuvered by competitors with a more holistic approach.

If 2024 was a year of correction and 2025 was a year of stabilization, then 2026 is shaping up to be a year of strategic clarity. Wage growth will remain elevated compared to historical norms, but the volatility of the past few years is giving way to a more predictable, if unforgiving, environment.

Businesses that plan now those that benchmark, communicate, and allocate intentionally will enter 2026 with confidence. Those that wait will continue paying the reactive turnover tax, one departure at a time.

In a tight labor market, pay is never the whole story. But in 2026, it will remain one of the most important chapters. For employers willing to take a strategic approach, the year ahead offers an opportunity not just to keep up but to get ahead.

20Dec

Navigating New Employment Laws in 2025: A Guide for Missouri and Kansas Small Businesses

As 2025 begins, small business owners in Missouri and Kansas face a familiar challenge: staying compliant with ever-changing employment laws. Federal updates and state-specific regulations in Kansas and Missouri demand attention to avoid penalties and foster a positive work environment. This article explores key changes, offers practical tips, and explains how a fractional HR leader can help small businesses navigate the complexities.

Federal Updates You Need to Know

  1. Exempt/Non-Exempt Classification: A federal court struck down a proposed rule change to increase salary thresholds for exempt employees. As of now:
    • The threshold for white-collar employees remains at $35,568.
    • Highly compensated employees must earn $107,432. Ensure employees are classified correctly to avoid compliance issues.
  2. Pay Transparency: Although this is gaining traction nationwide, employers should prepare for potential changes requiring clear pay and benefits disclosures in job postings.

Missouri’s 2025 Employment Law Changes

  1. Criminal History Disclosures: Individuals with expunged arrests can legally answer “no” when asked about arrests, provided there’s no public record. Employers should update hiring policies and ensure interviewers are trained to comply.
  2. Weapons in the Workplace: Employers cannot ask employees about firearms in their vehicles or search for them, provided the weapons are lawfully owned and stored in locked vehicles. This law is particularly relevant for organizations receiving public funds.
  3. Minimum Wage: Missouri’s minimum wage increases to $13.75 per hour. Ensure payroll systems reflect this update to avoid wage disputes.

Kansas Employment Considerations

While Kansas law hasn’t undergone dramatic changes this year, small businesses must still comply with federal mandates and best practices. For example:

  • Adopting robust drug testing policies can address legal marijuana use while maintaining workplace safety.
  • Staying proactive about pay equity and transparency is critical, even before formal laws mandate it.

Tips for Compliance

  1. Review Policies Regularly: Employment laws evolve constantly. Schedule quarterly reviews of employee handbooks, job descriptions, and workplace policies.
  2. Train Your Managers: Managers should understand new laws affecting hiring, wage discussions, and workplace accommodations. Investing in training mitigates risks of non-compliance.
  3. Audit Payroll Practices: Ensure systems reflect updated minimum wages and overtime calculations. Mistakes in paychecks can lead to legal disputes and loss of trust among employees.
  4. Communicate Changes: Transparency with employees about new laws and company policies fosters trust and reduces misunderstandings.

How a Fractional HR Leader Can Help

Navigating these complexities can overwhelm even the most diligent small business owner. That’s where a fractional HR leader comes in. Unlike a traditional consultant or a Professional Employer Organization (PEO), a fractional HR leader works as an embedded part of your team, providing:

  • Strategic Guidance: Tailored advice on complying with local and federal laws.
  • Policy Development: Crafting or updating handbooks and HR practices.
  • Training Programs: Equipping managers to lead effectively in compliance with legal standards.

Think of a fractional HR leader as your HR co-pilot, ensuring you stay on course while you focus on running your business.

Questions to Consider

  • Are your employee classifications up to date under the current federal rules?
  • Have you accounted for Missouri’s minimum wage increase in your payroll system?
  • How will you address potential conflicts arising from weapons-in-vehicles laws?
  • Who in your organization ensures compliance with ever-changing employment laws?

Compliance isn’t just about avoiding penalties; it’s about creating a workplace where employees feel secure, valued, and respected. Staying informed and seeking expert guidance can help your business thrive in the face of legal changes. Partnering with a fractional HR leader is like having GPS for your business—they’ll keep you on track, avoiding unnecessary detours and ensuring your team is aligned with the latest regulations. By taking proactive steps, you can focus on running your business while building a compliant and supportive work environment.

20Oct

Forecasting 2025: Wage Increase Trends and What Businesses Need to Know

Wage Increases by Industry

As companies prepare for 2025, wage increases are expected to vary significantly across different industries. Notably, sectors like engineering, science, and healthcare are planning for more substantial raises, with projections exceeding 4.2%. These industries continue to experience high demand for skilled professionals, driving employers to offer more competitive compensation to attract and retain talent. On the other end of the spectrum, sectors like retail, education, and hospitality are projecting more modest increases around 3.1%, reflecting tighter margins and different labor market dynamics.

Regional Differences: A Kansas City Perspective

In the Midwest, particularly in Kansas City, wage trends have been shaped by a combination of factors, including a relatively stable cost of living, inflation, and the broader economic climate. Over the past few years, Kansas City has seen wage increases that align with national trends, though often at a slightly lower rate due to the region’s lower overall living costs. However, inflation has begun to erode the purchasing power of these wages, making it increasingly challenging for businesses to attract and retain employees without offering higher pay.

Looking ahead to 2025, Kansas City employers are expected to plan for wage increases in the range of 3% to 3.5%. This aligns closely with the national average but could vary based on specific industry demands within the region. The ongoing speculation about a potential recession adds another layer of uncertainty. While some businesses may take a conservative approach to wage planning, fearing an economic downturn, others may feel pressured to increase wages more aggressively to stay competitive in a tightening labor market.

The Impact of Recent Job Numbers

The latest U.S. jobs report, released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, shows that nonfarm payrolls increased by just 120,000 in July, well below the market expectations of 200,000. This slowdown in job creation, coupled with a rise in the unemployment rate to its highest level since 2021, suggests that the labor market is beginning to cool after a period of rapid expansion. For employers, particularly in Kansas City and the broader Midwest, this could mean a slight easing of the fierce competition for talent that characterized the past few years.

However, this cooling effect does not necessarily translate to an easier hiring environment. The lingering impact of inflation continues to pressure real wages, meaning that even with wage increases, the actual purchasing power of employees may not keep pace. This reality underscores the importance of thoughtful wage planning and the need for businesses to remain flexible in their compensation strategies.

Preparing for 2025: Strategic Considerations for Employers

As businesses in Kansas City and beyond plan for 2025, it’s crucial to stay attuned to both local and national economic indicators. Wage increases will remain a critical tool for attracting and retaining talent, but they must be balanced against the potential risks of an economic slowdown. Employers should consider a multi-faceted approach to compensation, one that includes not only salary adjustments but also enhanced benefits, flexible working conditions, and other non-monetary incentives that can help maintain employee satisfaction and engagement.

Ultimately, the key to navigating the wage landscape in 2025 will be adaptability. By staying informed about economic trends and being prepared to adjust strategies as conditions change, businesses can better position themselves for success in an increasingly complex labor market.

 

16Jan

Elevating Small Businesses: HR Initiatives for Stellar Company Culture and Employee Retention

In the intricate world of small businesses, the success and growth of a company often hinge on its ability to retain top talent and cultivate a thriving workplace culture. Harnessing the power of strategic HR initiatives is a pivotal step for small businesses looking to make a significant impact. In this blog post, we’ll delve into how HR initiatives can be a game-changer for small businesses, offering insights into their importance and the immense value they bring to the table.

Elevating small business

Understanding the Impact of HR Initiatives:

HR initiatives, when thoughtfully tailored to the needs of small businesses, can spearhead positive changes in company culture and significantly enhance employee retention. Partnering with an experienced HR leader can provide small businesses with the expertise needed to navigate these transformative initiatives successfully.

  1. Personalized Employee Development Plans:

For small businesses aiming to create a work environment where employees thrive, personalized employee development plans are a key ingredient. Understanding and nurturing individual skills, aspirations, and growth areas not only fosters a sense of belonging but also boosts employee satisfaction. This approach, when facilitated by an experienced HR leader, ensures that the development plans align with both individual and organizational goals.

  1. Flexible Work Arrangements:

The adoption of flexible work arrangements is particularly crucial for small businesses. By offering remote work options, flexible schedules, or part-time arrangements, small businesses can attract and retain top talent, often without the need for significant financial investments. An HR leader with experience in managing flexible work structures can guide the implementation, ensuring it aligns seamlessly with the business’s operational needs.

  1. Recognition and Rewards Systems:

Small businesses can establish a positive work culture by implementing a tailored recognition and rewards system. Celebrating achievements, both big and small, creates a motivated workforce and instills a sense of pride among employees. An experienced HR leader can assist in designing and implementing a system that aligns with the company’s values and budget constraints.

Success Story: A Glimpse into Real Transformation

In my experience working with a small marketing agency, the integration of strategic HR initiatives led to a remarkable shift in company culture and employee retention. By focusing on personalized development plans, employees felt a stronger connection to their roles and the company’s mission, resulting in increased job satisfaction.

Additionally, the implementation of flexible work arrangements not only attracted diverse talent but also retained valuable team members. With the guidance of an experienced HR leader, the company successfully navigated the complexities of remote work, ensuring a seamless and productive transition for both employees and the business.

  1. Open Communication Channels:

Small businesses can foster a culture of transparency and trust by establishing open communication channels. An HR leader can facilitate effective communication, keeping employees informed about company developments and providing avenues for expressing concerns and suggestions.

  1. Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives:

Promoting diversity and inclusion is not just a corporate buzzword; it’s a powerful strategy for small businesses. An HR leader experienced in cultivating inclusive workplaces can guide the implementation of initiatives that not only attract diverse talent but also contribute to higher employee satisfaction and retention.

Conclusion:

For small businesses, the significance of a positive company culture and effective employee retention cannot be overstated. HR initiatives, when embraced with the guidance of an experienced leader, become a catalyst for transformative change. By focusing on personalized development plans, flexible work arrangements, recognition systems, open communication, and diversity and inclusion, small businesses can create an environment where employees feel valued, engaged, and motivated to contribute their best.

In a world where talent is a precious commodity, the value of strategic HR initiatives lies not just in their potential to transform the workplace but in their ability to drive sustainable growth for small businesses. Partnering with an experienced HR leader becomes a strategic move—a commitment to creating a workplace where employees thrive, and small businesses flourish.

08Nov

Change Management: Strategies for Small Business Success

Developing a Change Management Plan for Small Businesses

In the dynamic business landscape, small businesses are often the most vulnerable to the winds of change. Yet, it’s their agility and adaptability that can turn potential challenges into opportunities for growth and innovation. Effective change management is crucial for small businesses to not only survive but to flourish when faced with new circumstances. Whether it’s a shift in company structure, a new product launch, or a cultural transformation, understanding and implementing robust change management strategies is key to a resilient business model.

Understanding the Spectrum of Change

Change within a small business can manifest in various forms. It might be internal, such as a shift in leadership or the introduction of new operational software. Or it could be external, like market fluctuations or evolving customer needs. Each type of change demands a tailored approach, ensuring that the transition is smooth and the company’s ethos remains intact.

Communication as the Cornerstone

The first step in managing change is clear and transparent communication. Keeping all stakeholders informed not only fosters trust but also facilitates smoother transitions. When employees, customers, and suppliers understand the ‘why’ behind the change, they’re more likely to support and engage with the process. Establishing a dialogue also opens the door to feedback, which can be invaluable in refining and improving change strategies.

Setting Clear Objectives

Having well-defined goals at the outset provides direction and a benchmark for success. It’s important for small businesses to outline what they aim to achieve with the change, and how they plan to do it. This clarity helps maintain focus and momentum, even when the road gets bumpy.

The Role of HR in Change Management

Human Resources departments are at the heart of navigating change. They are responsible for ensuring that employees are prepared for new roles, understand shifts in policy, and have the tools they need to succeed. HR can also offer support systems for those finding the change challenging, such as access to training programs or mental health resources.

Anticipating Challenges

As John Smith, CEO of ABC Company, suggests, foreseeing potential obstacles allows businesses to prepare contingency plans. This proactive approach can minimize disruption and keep the business on course.

Creating a Collaborative Environment

Encouraging open communication between management and staff can lead to innovative solutions and shared ownership of the change process. Collaboration can be particularly effective in times of crisis, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, where teamwork and mutual support were essential.

Embracing Agility

Echoing the thoughts of former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, the ability to quickly adapt is a non-negotiable in today’s fast-paced world. Small businesses must be nimble, ready to pivot, and open to new ways of working to stay ahead.

Planning, Collaboration, and Support

The success of change management lies in meticulous planning, fostering a collaborative culture, and ensuring there is ample support available. Leadership teams and HR departments must work in unison to guide the business through the transition.

Conclusion

For small businesses, change is not just inevitable; it’s a gateway to new possibilities. By embracing effective change management strategies, these businesses can enhance their resilience, drive innovation, and secure a competitive edge. With the right approach, small businesses can transform change into a powerful catalyst for success.